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Used with functions like printf and scanf.
They define how data is presented or interpreted during input and output operations.
They basically starts with a %
Format Specifier
Description
Example
%c
Character
printf("%c", 'A');
%s
String
printf("%s", "Hello");
%d
Decimal integer
printf("%d", 42);
%ld
Long decimal integer
printf("%ld", 1000000L);
%f
Floating-point number (default precision)
printf("%f", 3.14)
%lf
Double floating-point number
printf("%lf", 3.14);
%e, %E
Scientific notation (exponential format)
printf("%e", 3000.0);
%u
Unsigned decimal integer
printf("%u", 42);
%x, %X
Hexadecimal integer
printf("%x", 255);
%o
Octal integer
printf("%o", 64);
%p
Pointer address
printf("%p", &variable);
%n
Number of characters written so far
printf("Hello%n", &count);
%%%
Literal % character
printf("100%%");
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
char ch;
printf("Enter a character: ");
scanf("%c", &ch);
printf("You entered: %c\n", ch);
char str[20];
printf("Enter a string: ");
scanf("%s", str);
printf("You entered: %s\n", str);
int num;
printf("Enter an integer: ");
scanf("%d", &num);
printf("You entered: %d\n", num);
float floatNum;
printf("Enter a floating-point number: ");
scanf("%f", &floatNum);
printf("You entered: %f\n", floatNum);
double doubleNum;
printf("Enter a double floating-point number: ");
scanf("%lf", &doubleNum);
printf("You entered: %lf\n", doubleNum);
double scientificNum = 3000.0;
printf("Scientific Notation: %e\n", scientificNum);
unsigned int unsignedNum = 42;
printf("Unsigned Decimal Integer: %u\n", unsignedNum);
int hexNum = 255;
printf("Hexadecimal Integer: %x\n", hexNum);
int octalNum = 64;
printf("Octal Integer: %o\n", octalNum);
int variable = 42;
printf("Pointer Address: %p\n", &variable);
int count;
printf("Hello%n", &count);
printf("Number of Characters Written So Far: %d\n", count);
printf("Literal Percent Sign: %%\n");
return 0;
}The Concepts and codes you leart practice in Compilers till you are confident of doing on your own. A Various methods of examples, concepts, codes availble in our websites. Don't know where to start Down some code examples are given for this page topic use the code and compiler.