A matrix is a two-dimensional data structure that can store elements of the same data type arranged in rows and columns.
Created using the matrix() function.
EDUCATION
# Creating a matrix with elements
mat1 <- matrix(c(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6), nrow = 2, ncol = 3, byrow = TRUE)
mat1
# Creating a matrix with a sequence
mat2 <- matrix(1:9, nrow = 3, ncol = 3)
mat2
# Creating a matrix of an collection of items
mat3 <- matrix(c("basket", "board", "tub", "glass"), nrow = 2, ncol = 2)
mat3
We can access the list with index number inside a [column_name, row_name] bracket.
And to check elements we use %in% operator.
mat <- matrix(c("basket", "board", "tub", "glass"), nrow = 2, ncol = 2)
# Accessing elements by index
element <- mat[1, 2] # Element in the first row, second column
# Accessing entire row or column
first_row <- mat[1, ]
second_column <- mat[, 2]
"basket" %in% mat
We use cbind() and rbind() functions to add a rows and coloums respectively.
We use c() functions to remove rows and coloums in a matrix.
vec1 <- c(1, 2, 3)
vec2 <- c("A", "B", "C")
combined_coloum_matrix <- cbind(vec1, vec2)
combined_coloum_matrix
combined_row_matrix <- rbind(vec1, vec2)
combined_row_matrix
new_matrix <- matrix(c(1, 2, 3, 4), nrow = 2, ncol = 2, byrow = TRUE)
remove_matrix <- new_matrix[-c(1), -c(1)]
remove_matrixFunctions are a built in methods that performs operations fast and easy.
Operation
Syntax
Description
Example
Addition
mat1 + mat2
Element-wise addition of two matrices.
mat_sum <- mat1 + mat2
Subraction
mat1 - mat2
Element-wise subraction of two matrices.
mat_subract <- mat1 - mat2
Multiplication
mat1 %*% mat2
Matrix multiplication.
mat_mult <- mat1 %*% t(mat2)
Element-wise Operations
mat1^2
Element-wise operations (e.g., square each element).
mat_squared <- mat1^2
Dimensions of a Matrix
dim(mat)
Returns the number of rows and columns in a matrix.
dimensions <- dim(mat)
Length of a Matrix
length(mat)
Returns the length of a matrix.
length_matrix <- length(mat)
Transposing a Matrix
t(mat)
Transposes the rows and columns of a matrix.
transposed_mat <- t(mat)
Sum of Elements in a Matrix
sum(mat)
Calculates the sum of all elements in a matrix.
mat_sum_all <- sum(mat)
Mean of Elements in a Matrix
mean(mat)
Calculates the mean (average) of elements in a matrix.
mat_mean <- mean(mat)
my_list <- list(7, "eight", TRUE)
my_list
length(my_list)
element_exists <- "new_element" %in% names(my_list)
element_exists
df <- as.data.frame(my_list)
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