print()

Prints its argument.

print("Hello, World!")

sum()

Computes the sum of a numeric vector.

sum(c(1, 2, 3))

mean()

Computes the mean of a numeric vector.

mean(c(1, 2, 3))

median()

Calculates the median of a numeric vector.

median(c(1, 2, 3, 4, 5))

var()

Calculates the variance of a numeric vector.

var(c(1, 2, 3, 4, 5))

length()

Returns the number of elements in a vector.

length(c(1, 2, 3))

seq()

Generates sequences of numbers.

seq(1, 10, by = 2)

rep()

Replicates elements in a vector.

rep(1, times = 3)

sqrt()

Computes the square root of a number.

sqrt(9)

paste()

Concatenates strings.

paste("Hello", "World")

str()

Displays the structure of an object.

str(iris)

class()

Returns the class of an object.

class(1:5)

max()

Returns the maximum value in a vector.

max(c(1, 2, 3))

min()

Returns the minimum value in a vector.

min(c(1, 2, 3))

round()

Rounds a numeric vector to the specified number of decimal places.

round(c(1.234, 2.567), 2)

sample()

Randomly samples from a vector.

sample(1:10, size = 3)

sort()

Sorts a vector in ascending order.

sort(c(3, 1, 2))

unique()

Returns unique elements in a vector.

unique(c(1, 2, 2, 3))

substring()

Extracts or replaces substrings in a character vector.

substring("hello", 2, 4)

tolower() / toupper()

Converts characters to lowercase/uppercase.

tolower("Hello")

summarize() (from the dplyr package)

Summarizes data frames.

summarize(df, mean_value = mean(column_name))

plot()

Creates various types of plots.

plot(x, y)

cos()

Computes the cosine of a numeric vector.

cos(c(0, pi/2, pi))

sin()

Computes the sine of a numeric vector.

sin(c(0, pi/2, pi))

log()

Computes the natural logarithm of a numeric vector.

log(c(1, 10, 100))

exp()

Computes the exponential function of a numeric vector.

exp(c(0, 1, 2))

cor()

Calculates the correlation coefficient between two numeric vectors.

cor(x, y)

quantile()

Calculates sample quantiles of a numeric vector.

quantile(c(1, 2, 3, 4, 5), probs = c(0.25, 0.75))

rev()

Reverses the order of elements in a vector.

rev(c(1, 2, 3))

any()

Checks if any element in a logical vector is true.

any(c(TRUE, FALSE, TRUE))

all()

Checks if all elements in a logical vector are true.

all(c(TRUE, TRUE, TRUE))

which()

Returns the indices of elements that are true in a logical vector.

which(c(TRUE, FALSE, TRUE))