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The plot() function in R is a versatile function for creating a variety of plots.
Syntax plot(x, y, ...)
Above example is based on two vector points.
We can also use 1 point in a plot() function.
and we can use numeric values instead of a vectors.
If we need to plot from a sequence of numbers you can keep the values from start to end in this format x:y
There are various attributes in a plot() function to describe and apply the values given.
Attribute
Description
Example
Main Title (main)
Main title of the plot.
plot(x, y, main = "Scatter Plot")
Axis Labels (xlab and ylab)
plot(x, y, xlab = "X-axis", ylab = "Y-axis")
Plot Type (type)
Type of plot (e.g., "p" for points, "l" for lines).
plot(x, y, type = "p")
Point Characteristics (col, pch, cex, lty)
plot(x, y, col = "blue", pch = 16, cex = 1.5, lty = 2)
Plotting Multiple Sets of Data
Use additional arguments like points() or lines() to overlay multiple sets of data
plot(x1, y1, col = "red"); points(x2, y2, col = "blue", pch = 2)
Axes (xlim and ylim)
plot(x, y, xlim = c(0, 10), ylim = c(-2, 2))
Grid (grid)
Adds a grid to the plot.
plot(x, y, grid = TRUE)
Adding Lines (abline)
Adds lines to the plot.
plot(x, y); abline(h = 0, v = 0, col = "red", lty = 2)
# Sample data
set.seed(123)
x <- rnorm(50)
y <- 2 * x + rnorm(50)
# Create a scatter plot with customization
plot(
x, y,
main = "Scatter Plot with Customization",
xlab = "X-axis",
ylab = "Y-axis",
col = "blue",
pch = 16,
cex = 1.5,
xlim = c(-2, 2),
ylim = c(-4, 4),
grid = TRUE
)
# Add a regression line
abline(lm(y ~ x), col = "red", lty = 2)
# Add points with different color and shape
points(x[25:30], y[25:30], col = "green", pch = 3)
# Add a legend
legend("topright", # Specify the position of the legend
legend = c("Data", "Regression Line", "Additional Points"), # Legend text
col = c("blue", "red", "green"), # Line colors corresponding to each distribution
pch = c(16, NA, 3), # Line colors corresponding to each distribution
lty = c(NA, 2, NA), # Line type
cex = 0.8 # Point size)
The legend function is used to add a legend to the plot.
Inside legend function we have
The position of the legend, legend text and col specifies the line colors.
There are different types of plot. Here are the list
Type Argument
Description
Example
p
Scatter Plot
plot(x, y, type = "p")
l
Line Plot
plot(x, y, type = "l")
b
Both Points and Lines
plot(x, y, type = "b")
s
Step Plot
plot(x, y, type = "s")
h
Histogram
plot(x, y, type = "h")
S
Staircase Plot
plot(x, y, type = "S")
e
Error Bars
plot(x, y, type = "e")
box
Box Plot
plot(x, type = "box")
contour
Contour Plot
plot(x, y, type = "contour")
heatmap
Heatmap (with matrix data)
plot(matrix_data, type = "h")
Learn more about them in detail in the tutorial.
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